Sistemática molecular y redescripción de Myotis diminutus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) en Ecuador

Ana B. Manzano

doi:10.59763/mam.aeq.v2i.27

Authors

Ana B. Manzano Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59763/mam.aeq.v2i.27

Keywords:

Myotis nigricans, new records, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, Myotis, diminutus, Costa, Western Ecuador, Chiroptera, re-identification

Abstract

El género Myotis es interesante desde el aspecto taxonómico debido al gran potencial de especies críticas que, asociado con las identificaciones erróneas en base a caracteres morfológicos y morfométricos dentro de este grupo, lo hacen uno de los géneros más diversos de mamíferos. Un ejemplo es la especie Myotis diminutus de Ecuador, colectada en la localidad del Centro Científico Río Palenque, en la provincia de Los Ríos, y descrita a partir de un solo ejemplar macho subadulto, práctica taxonómica que suele no ser alentada al no disponer de material suficiente para evidenciar la variación morfológica de la especie. El estado taxonómico de M. diminutus ha sido cuestionado debido a la poca información que se tiene; por este motivo, esta investigación puso en duda su estado como especie. Estudios previos colocan a Myotis nigricans como un taxón cercano morfológicamente a M. diminutus, esto debido a que no presentan características morfológicas que los separen, aunque pueden ser distinguidos por características morfométricas, como la variación en el tamaño del antebrazo y del cuerpo. En este estudio, basado en análisis cuantitativos, cualitativos y moleculares, se confirma que M. diminutus es una especie válida. Se comparó a M. diminutus (sensu stricto) con otras especies de Myotis que se han registrado en la Costa ecuatoriana para observar los caracteres diagnósticos y variaciones morfométricas de M. diminutus. Los datos geográficos mostraron que M. diminutus se encuentra en simpatría con varias especies de este género y que los resultados cuantitativos concluyeron que no existe una diferenciación evidente entre Myotis diminutus y el resto de congéneres presentes en la Costa ecuatoriana, aunque se evidenció que las variables que corresponden al índice craneal (CRI) y el índice maxilar (MXI) son de menor tamaño en M. diminutus que en el resto de las especies, siendo dimensiones para tomar en cuenta en la identificación. Los datos cualitativos indicaron que existe una variación en la forma de los procesos mandibulares (proceso coronoides, condilar y angular), presencia o ausencia de la cresta sagital y forma del cráneo. Estas variaciones están implicadas en las distintas estrategias ecológicas relacionadas con el tipo de dieta y vuelo de cada especie, lo que permite que varias especies de Myotis coexistan en simpatría sin aparente exclusión competitiva. Los datos moleculares validaron la posición de M. diminutus como especie, diferenciándola del resto de la región. Esta investigación aportó con una clave de identificación que permite identificar a varias especies de Myotis de la Costa del Ecuador. El estudio concluye que para el análisis taxonómico de especies del género Myotis, al tratarse de un conjunto de especies crípticas, se debe utilizar métodos integrativos que permitan demostrar de mejor manera las relaciones entre las especies.

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