Seasonal differences in community-, trophic guild- and assemblage-level of bats diversity in an Ecuadorian agricultural landscape
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59763/mam.aeq.v2i.16Keywords:
Chiroptera, Pichincha, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Costa, Western Ecuador, Phyllostomidae, Phyllostomids, agrosystems, ecology, trophic guildsAbstract
Studies about fauna diversity, conducted in agricultural landscapes, have not greatly face the relationship between environmental variables and the diversity of order Chiroptera, so in this article we evaluate seasonally effects on the abundance, richness and structure of the bat community throughout an agricultural landscape located in the northwest of Ecuador. As long as four years, we collected bats in agro- systems inside an agricultural landscape, we calculate abundance, richness, and diversity index which grouped in two seasons, we searching the differences between seasons and months with the non-parametric Kruskal- Wallis test. We registered 343 individuals belonging to 20 species of bats, alpha diversity does not showed significant differences between seasons or months. Richness and relative abundance of trophic guilds were significantly higher in October (dry seasons) and significantly lower in February (rainy season). Rank- abundance curves showed that dry season’s assemblage exhibited highest richness, equitability, and number of rare species. Despite indices that represent the structure of the bats’ community did not change significantly between seasons or months of the year, rank-abundance curves showed that dry season’s assemblage exhibited highest diversity of bats. We concluded that at the assemblage level, dry season exhibits heights bat diversity than the rainy season in the agricultural landscape of western Ecuador.
Downloads
References
Albuja, L., 1999. Murciélagos del Ecuador. 2a edición. Cicetrónic Cía. Ltda., Quito.
Albuja, L. y P. Mena-Valenzuela. 2004. Quirópteros de los bosques húmedos del occidente del Ecuador. Politécnica 25 (1): 19–96.
Albuja, L., A. Almendáriz, R. Barriga, L. Montalvo, F. Cáceres y J. L. Román. 2012. Fauna de vertebrados del Ecuador. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito.
Ayres, M., M. Ayres Jr., D. Lima-A. y A de A. Santos dos S. 2007. Bioestat 7.0: Aplicações estadísticas nas áreas das ciencias biológicas e médicas. Sociedade Civil Mariruuá, Belém.
Balzarini, M., J. Di Rienzo, M. Tablada, J. González, C. Bruno, M. Córdoba y F. Casanoves. 2016. Estadística y biometría: ilustraciones del uso de Infostat en problemas de agronomía. 2a edición. Editorial Brujas, Córdoba, Argentina.
Brooks, T. M., R. A. Mittermeier, G. A. B. da Fonseca, J. Gerlach, M. Hoffmann, J. F. Lamoreux, C. G. Mittermeier, J. D. Pilgrim y A. S. L. Rodrigues. 2010. Global biodiversity conservation priorities: an expanded review. Pp. 8–29, en: A handbook of environmental management (J. C. Lovett y D. G. Ockwell, eds.). Edwar Elgar, Cheltenham, RU, y Northhampton, MA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849807005.00006
Burneo, S. F. y D. G. Tirira. 2014. Murciélagos del Ecuador: un análisis de sus patrones de riqueza, distribución y aspectos de conservación. Therya 5: 197–228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-14-184
Cisneros, L. M., M. E. Fagan y M. R. Willig. 2015. Effects of human-modified landscapes on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic dimensions of bat biodiversity. Diversity and Distributions 21: 523–533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12277
De la Peña-Cuéllar, E., K. E. Stoner, L. D. Avila-Cabadilla, M. Martínez-Ramos y A. Estrada. 2012. Phyllostomid bat assemblages in different successional stages of tropical rain forest in Chiapas, Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation 21: 1381–1397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0249-7
Díaz, M., S. Solari, L. F. Aguirre, L. M. S. Aguiar y R. M. Barquez. 2016. Clave de identificación de los murciélagos de Sudamérica. Publicación Especial 2. PCMA (Programa de Conservación de Murciégalos de Argentina), Tucumán.
García-García, J. L. y A. Santos-Moreno. 2014. Efectos de la estructura del paisaje y de la vegetación en la diversidad de murciélagos filostómidos (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) de Oaxaca, México. Revista de Biología Tropical 62: 217–239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v62i1.12094
Hammer, Ø. 2019. PAST: PAleontological Statistics. v3.15. Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo. En línea: ‹http://folk.uio.no/ohammer/past›.
INAMHI. 2015. Boletín climatológico anual 2015. No. 002. Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología, Quito.
Kalko, E. K. V., S. Estrada-Villegas, M. Schmidt, M. Wegmann y C. F. J. Meyer. 2007. Flying high-assessing the use of the aerosphere by bats. Integrative and Comparative Biology 48: 60–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icn030
Klingbeil, B. T. y M. R. Willig. 2010. Seasonal differences in population-, ensemble- and community-level responses of bats to landscape structure in Amazonia. Oikos 119: 1654–1664. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18328.x
López, S., R. Sierra, R. y M. Tirado. 2010. Tropical deforestation in the Ecuadorian Chocó: Logging practices and socio-spatial relationships. The Professional Geographer 51: 3–22.
Ma, X., A. Huete, Q. Yu, N. Restrepo-Coupe, K. Davies, M. Broich, P. Ratana, J. Beringer, L. B. Hutley, J. Cleverly, N. Boulain y D. Eamus. 2013. Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics in savanna vegetation phenology across the North Australian Tropical transect. Remote Sensing of Environment 139: 97–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.030
Magurran, A. E. 2004. Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell Science Ltd. Oxford, RU.
Medellín, R. A, M. Equihua y M. A. Amin. 2000. Bat diversity and abundance as indicators of disturbance in Neotropical Rainforests. Conservation Biology 14: 1666–1676. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2000.99068.x
Meyer, C. F. J., L. M. S. Aguiar, L. F. Aguirre, J. Baumgarten, F. M. Clarke, J. F. Cosson, S. Estrada-Villegas, J. Fahr, D. Faria, N. Furey, M. Henry, R. Hodgkison, R. K. B. Jenkins, K. G. Jung, T. Kingston, T. H. Kunz, M. C. MacSwiney-Gonzáles, I. Moya, B. D. Patterson, J. M. Pons, P. A. Racey, K. Rex, E. M. Sampaio, S. Solari, K. E. Stoner, C. C. Voigt C, D. von Staden, C. D. Weise y E. K. V. Kalko. 2011. Accounting for detectability improves estimates of species richness in tropical bat surveys: species detectability in tropical bat surveys. Journal of Applied Ecology 48: 777–787. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01976.x
Meyer, C. F. J., M. J. Struebig y M. R. Willig. 2016. Responses of tropical bats to habitat fragmentation, logging, and deforestation. Pp. 63–103, en: Bats in the Anthropocene: conservation of bats in a changing world (C. C. Voigt y T. Kingstone, eds.). Springer Cham, Nueva York. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25220-9_4
Moratelli, R. y D. E. Wilson. 2011. A new species of Myotis Kaup, 1829 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Ecuador. Mammalian Biology 76: 608–614. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2010.10.003
Moreno, C. E. 2001. Métodos para medir la biodiversidad. Manuales y tesis SEA 1, CYTED, ORCYT-UNESCO, Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (SEA), Zaragoza.
Moreno, C. E. y G. Halffter. 2001. Spatial and temporal analysis of α, β and γ diversities of bats in a fragmented landscape. Biodiversity and Conservation 10: 367–382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016614510040
Morrone, J. J. 2015. Biogeographical regionalisation of the world: a reappraisal. Australian Systematic Botany 28: 81–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/SB14042
Newbold, T., L. N. Hudson, S. L. L. Hill, S. Contu, C. L. Gray, J. P. W. Scharlemann, L. Börger, H.R.P. Phillips, D. Sheil, I. Lysenko y A. Purvis. 2016. Global patterns of terrestrial assemblage turnover within and among land uses. Ecography 39: 1151–1163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01932
Peck, M. R., S. T. Maddock, J. N. Morales, H. Oñate, P. Mafla-Endara, V. Aguirre-Peñafiel, O. Torres-Carvajal, W. E. Pozo-Rivera, X. A. Cueva-Arroyo y B. A. Tolhurst. 2014. Cost-Effectiveness of using small vertebrates as indicators of disturbance: cost-effective habitat indicators. Conservation Biology 28: 1331–1341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12373
Pozo-R, W. E. y A. Eras-M. 2012. Quirópteros presentes en bosques riparios de fincas ganaderas y agrícolas de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador. Pp. 61–68, en: Investigación y conservación sobre murciélagos en el Ecuador (D. G. Tirira y S. F. Burneo, eds.). Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Fundación Mamíferos y Conservación y Asociación Ecuatoriana de Mastozoología. Publicación Especial sobre los mamíferos del Ecuador 9, Quito.
Pozo-Rivera, W. E. 2013. Mamíferos de hábitats fragmentados de la provincia Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE. Sangolquí, Ecuador.
Pozo-Rivera, W. E. 2017. Relaciones de la diversidad arbórea y la estructura del paisaje agrícola tropical ecuatoriano con la biodiversidad de murciélagos filostómidos. Tesis de doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana.
Pozo-Rivera, W. E., C. D. Cárdenas-Tello, A. Echeverría, V. Berovides-Álvarez y N. Ricardo-Nápoles. 2017. Efecto de la estructura del paisaje agrícola en la diversidad arbórea. Boletín Técnico 13, Serie Zoológica 12-13: 14-20.
Pozo-Rivera, W. E, R. S. Recalde-Samaniego, C. D. Cárdenas-Tello y Mariol Morejón-García. 2015. Diversidad quiropterológica de dos tipos de cultivos, noroccidente ecuatoriano. Boletín Técnico 12, Serie Zoológica 10-11: 95–103.
Pozo-Rivera, W. E., K. Yazán-Ayala, R. Alvear-Barrezueta, C. R. Loaiza‑S., V. Berovides-Álvarez y C. A. Mancina. 2018. Range extension to Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province and revised distribution of Platyrrhinus chocoensis (Phyllostomidae: Chiroptera) in Western Ecuador. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58: 1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.10
Rocha, R., A. López-Baucells, F. Z. Farneda, M. Groenenberg, P. E. D. Bobrowiec, M. Cabeza, J. M. Palmeirim y C. F. J. Meyer. 2017. Consequences of a large-scale fragmentation experiment for Neotropical bats: disentangling the relative importance of local and landscape-scale veffects. Landscape Ecology 32: 31–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-016-0425-3
Shimadzu, H., M. Dornelas, P. A Henderson y A. E Magurran. 2013. Diversity is maintained by seasonal variation in species abundance. BMC Biology 11: 1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-11-98
Sierra, R. 1999. Propuesta preliminar de un sistema de clasificación de vegetación para el Ecuador continental. Proyecto INEFAN/GEF y EcoCiencia, Quito.
Sikes, R. S. y W. L. Gannon. 2011. Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research. Journal of Mammalogy 92: 235–253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-F-355.1
Tirira, D. G. 2008. Mamíferos de los bosques húmedos del noroccidente de Ecuador. Ediciones Murciélago Blanco y Proyecto PRIMENET. Publicación Especial sobre los mamíferos del Ecuador 7, Quito.
Tirira, D. G. 2007. Guía de campo de los mamíferos del Ecuador. 1a edición. Ediciones Murciélago Blanco. Publicación Especial sobre los mamíferos del Ecuador 6, Quito.
Trojer, H. 2017. Meteorología y climatología de la vertiente del Pacífico colombiano. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 41: 467–490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.583
Whittaker, R. H. 1972. Evolution and measurement of species diversity. Taxon 21: 213–251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1218190
Williams-Guillén, K. e I. Perfecto. 2011. Ensemble composition and activity levels of insectivorous bats in response to management intensification in coffee agroforestry systems. PLoS ONE 6: e16502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016502
Wilson, D. E. y R. A. Mittermeier (eds.). 2019. Handbook of the Mammals of the World. 9. Bats. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
Yasuda, M. 2004. Monitoring diversity and abundance of mammals with camera traps: a case study on Mount Tsukuba, Central Japan. Mammal Study 29: 37–46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3106/mammalstudy.29.37
Zuur, A. F., E. L. Ieno y G. M. Smith. 2007. Analyzing ecological data. Springer International Publishing, Nueva York. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-45972-1
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Wilmer E. Pozo-Rivera, Marcelo R. Arce-Carriel, Vicente Berovides-Álvarez, Nancy Ricardo-Nápoles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
